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Through the proposed framework, detection events with varying probabilities of interaction likelihoods can be derived and those data isolated and explicitly tested using acceleration data to quantify behavioral interactions. A Generalized Additive Model (GAM) indicated a moderate increasing relationship in activity associated with a greater number of animalT detections. Based on this approach, the three VMT equipped Greenland sharks exhibited higher body acceleration and greater depth changes during detections, suggesting a potential behavioural response to the presence of other sharks. Accelerometer‐derived activity indices were then used as a means to test for response to potential interactions when animals are expected to be in close proximity. Concurrently, we developed simulations to estimate the distances between animalR and animalT by accounting for their swim speed, the estimated detection efficiency of the VMT, and the number of consecutive transmissions recorded. when sharks carrying the novel VMT package (animalR, n = 3) detected sharks independently tagged with transmitters in the system (animalT, n = 29). We deployed a recoverable biologging package combining a VEMCO Mobile Transceiver (VMT), accelerometer and a Temperature‐Depth (TD) tag to quantitatively assess fine‐scale behaviour during detection events, i.e. Here, we present a framework to estimate when there is a high likelihood that aquatic animal sub‐surface interactions occur and test for a movement‐related behavioral response to those interactions over short temporal scales (days) using a novel multi‐sensor biologging package on a large marine predator, the Greenland shark (Somniosus microcephalus). Quantifying sub‐surface behavioural interactions among marine organisms is challenging, but technological advances are promoting novel opportunities. Interactions between animals structure food webs and regulate ecosystem function and productivity. Access to the raw VMT data allowed us to focus on the physical and environmental factors that limit a transceiver's ability to resolve a transmitter's identity. Distance between seals, wind stress, and depth were the most important predictors of detection efficiency. In contrast, when incomplete transmissions from the summarized raw data were also considered, the ratio of complete transmission to complete and incomplete transmissions was about 70% for distances ranging from 50-1000 m, with a minimum of around 40% at 600 m and a maximum of about 85% at 50 m. At a separation of 400 m, only about 15% of expected detections were recorded. When considering only post-processed detection data, only about half of expected detections were recorded at best even when two VMT-tagged seals were estimated to be within 50-200 m of one another.
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We evaluated the detection efficiency of VMTs deployed on grey seals, Halichoerus grypus, off Sable Island (NS, Canada) in relation to environmental characteristics and seal behaviour using generalized linear models (GLM) to explore both post-processed detection data and summarized raw VMT data. Quantifying the uncertainty associated with detecting a tagged animal, particularly under varying field conditions, is vital for making accurate biological inferences when using VMTs. GPS) tags provides a unique opportunity to better understand between and within species interactions in space and time. The development of dual transmitter/receivers, Vemco Mobile Transceivers (VMT), and satellite-linked (e.g. Understanding the nature of inter-specific and conspecific interactions in the ocean is challenging because direct observation is usually impossible.